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S   6PB` _P  ` T*    6LF` _  ` V*  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.zo'0 >6 (  r  S p )   r  S     <] a  6Part 2H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-q1+D=' = @B +0 P,<9(    0 BA ?  `RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $D LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB   c $D-LB ! c $D - RB " s *D> - LB # c $DV -V LB $ c $D - LB % c $D- & BD^`P d  DLoad Factor,n  ' <$b`o =V  0 ( <8e`2 =  1 ) <h`J 2 * <pl`\=C 3 + <o`= 4 - <s`= 5 . <w`= 6 / <z` J>  -1 0 <~`E =1, -2 1 <`U=1< -3 2 <(`e=1L -4 3 <`   Kt 4 <8` =Q  20 5 <`  40 6 <H`  '  60 7 <Ж` P d  80 8 <X`   100 9 <` ]  120 : <h` c  140 ; <` 2  160H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 --0a(  0 00 HA ?  `RB 0 s *D>--LB 0 c $DLB 0 c $D  LB 0 c $Dm m LB 0 c $D LB 0 c $DCCLB  0 c $DLB  0 c $DLB  0 c $DZLB  0 c $D-LB  0 c $D-LB 0 c $D-LB 0 c $D]-]LB 0 c $D-LB 0 c $D-LB 0 c $D-LB 0 c $D - RB 0 s *D> - LB 0 c $DV -V LB 0 c $D - LB 0 c $D- 0 B`P d  DLoad Factor,n  0 <`o =V  0 0 <`2 =  1 0 <T`J 2 0 <`\=C 3 0 <d`= 4 0 <`= 5 0 <t`= 6  0 <` J>  -1 !0 <`E =1, -2 "0 < `U=1< -3 #0 <`e=1L -4 $0 <`   Kt %0 <` =Q  20 &0 <,`  40 '0 <`  '  60 (0 <<` P d  80 )0 <`   100 *0 <$` ]  120 +0 <` c  140 ,0 <4` 2  160 -0  BCd DE@F AfԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" - H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 //@u(  @ @0 HA ?  `RB @ s *D>--LB @ c $DLB @ c $D  LB @ c $Dm m LB @ c $D LB @ c $DCCLB  @ c $DLB  @ c $DLB  @ c $DZLB  @ c $D-LB  @ c $D-LB @ c $D-LB @ c $D]-]LB @ c $D-LB @ c $D-LB @ c $D-LB @ c $D - RB @ s *D> - LB @ c $DV -V LB @ c $D - LB @ c $D- @ BP d  DLoad Factor,n  @ < o =V  0 @ <\ 2 =  1 @ < J 2 @ <\=C 3 @ <= 4 @ <= 5 @ <,= 6  @ <" J>  -1 !@ <<&E =1, -2 "@ <)U=1< -3 #@ <L-e=1L -4 $@ <0   Kt %@ <\4 =Q  20 &@ <7  40 '@ <l;  '  60 (@ <> P d  80 )@ <|B   100 *@ <F ]  120 +@ <I c  140 ,@ <M 2  160  -@ # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .@ <@O ; : Stall Line XB /@ 0DԔ # H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +-0 D< //D(  D D0 HA ?  RB D s *D>--LB D c $DLB D c $D  LB D c $Dm m LB D c $D LB D c $DCCLB  D c $DLB  D c $DLB  D c $DZLB  D c $D-LB  D c $D-LB D c $D-LB D c $D]-]LB D c $D-LB D c $D-LB D c $D-LB D c $D - RB D s *D> - LB D c $DV -V LB D c $D - LB D c $D- D B_P d  DLoad Factor,n  D <do =V  0 D <h2 =  1 D <kJ 2 D <Ho\=C 3 D <r= 4 D <Xv= 5 D <y= 6  D <h} J>  -1 !D <E =1, -2 "D <xU=1< -3 #D <e=1L -4 $D <   Kt %D < =Q  20 &D <  40 'D <   '  60 (D < P d  80 )D <0   100 *D < ]  120 +D <@ c  140 ,D <ȧ 2  160  -D # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .D 0# n LFLIGHT NOT POSSIBLE(2 /D < ( EFLIGHT POSSIBLEH D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 000Hw(  H H0 HA ?  RB H s *D>--LB H c $DLB H c $D  LB H c $Dm m LB H c $D LB H c $DCCLB  H c $DLB  H c $DLB  H c $DZLB  H c $D-LB  H c $D-LB H c $D-LB H c $D]-]LB H c $D-LB H c $D-LB H c $D-LB H c $D - RB H s *D> - LB H c $DV -V LB H c $D - LB H c $D- H BP d  DLoad Factor,n  H <…o =V  0 H <(ƅ2 =  1 H <ɅJ 2 H <`ͅ\=C 3 H <Ѕ= 4 H <pԅ= 5 H <ׅ= 6  H <ۅ J>  -1 !H <߅E =1, -2 "H <U=1< -3 #H <e=1L -4 $H <   Kt %H <( =Q  20 &H <  40 'H <8  '  60 (H < P d  80 )H <H   100 *H < ]  120 +H < c  140 ,H <D  2  160  -H # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .H < ; : Stall Line XB /H 0DԔ #  0H  B3C#DE(FAfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +70 -6%6@_L5(  LRB L s *D>-- L0 HA  ?  LB L c $DLB L c $D  LB L c $Dm m LB L c $D LB L c $DCCLB  L c $DLB  L c $DLB  L c $DZLB  L c $D-LB  L c $D-LB L c $D-LB L c $D]-]LB L c $D-LB L c $D-LB L c $D-LB L c $D - RB L s *D> - LB L c $DV -V LB L c $D - LB L c $D- L B4P d  DLoad Factor,n  L <Po =V  0 L <2 =  1 L <"J 2 L <@&\=C 3 L <)= 4 L <P-= 5 L <0= 6  L <`4 J>  -1 !L <7E =1, -2 "L <p;U=1< -3 #L <>e=1L -4 $L <B   Kt %L <F =Q  20 &L <I  40 'L <M  '  60 (L <P P d  80 )L <(T   100 *L <W ]  120 +L <8[ c  140 ,L <^ 2  160  -L # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .L <` ; : Stall Line XB /L 0DԔ #  0L # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -`  1L 0Tfz6a > 2  L B-- P0 HA  ?  LB P c $DLB P c $D  LB P c $Dm m LB P c $D LB P c $DCCLB  P c $DLB  P c $DLB  P c $DZLB  P c $D-LB  P c $D-LB P c $D-LB P c $D]-]LB P c $D-LB P c $D-LB P c $D-LB P c $D - RB P s *D> - LB P c $DV -V LB P c $D - LB P c $D- P B|ȆP d  DLoad Factor,n  P < o =V  0 P <(2 =  1 P <J 2 P <\=C 3 P <h= 4 P <= 5 P <= 6  P <( J>  -1 !P <E =1, -2 "P <U=1< -3 #P <e=1L -4 $P <    Kt %P < =Q  20 &P <0  40 'P <È  '  60 (P <@Lj P d  80 )P <ʈ   100 *P <PΈ ]  120 +P <ш c  140 ,P <`Ո 2  160  -P # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .P <׈ ; : Stall Line XB /P 0DԔ #  0P # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -`  1P 0݈z6a > 2  2P BmqT " X 3P 0 96    4P3 #"F:  w %%  5P <D?   _129*(#  @` 6P <?   `11.5*(#  @` 7P <?T  ^91*(#  @` 8P <@?T  `5.76*(#  @` 9P <T?T ^74*(#  @` :P <?T _3.8*(#  @` ;P <)? ^54*(#  @` ?M ^45*(#  @` >P <G?M `1.41*(#  @` ?P <Q?M ^41*(#  @` @P <4[?M `1.15*(#  @` AP <e? ^39*(#  @` BP <o? a1.035*(#  @` CP <y?F ^38*(#  @` DP <?F _1.0*(#  @` EP <l}?F ^27*(#  @` FP <t?F _0.5*(#  @` GP <? ^19*(#  @` HP <̫? `0.25*(#  @` IP <\?? ^12*(#  @` JP <ȿ?? _0.1*(#  @` KP <|ɉ?? ]0*(#  @` LP <Ӊ?? ]0*(#  @` MP <$Ή? jStall speed (Kt)( #  @` NP <?  Load FactorT  # # #  @`ZB OP s *1 ?ZB PP s *1 ?  ZB QP s *1 ? ZB RP s *1 ? ZB SP s *1 ?ZB TP s *1 ? ZB UP s *1 ???ZB VP s *1 ?ZB WP s *1 ?ZB XP s *1 ?FFZB YP s *1 ?ZB ZP s *1 ?ZB [P s *1 ?MMZB \P s *1 ?ZB ]P s *1 ?ZB ^P s *1 ?TTZB _P s *1 ?  RB `P s *DԔ- RB aP s *DԔC  RB bP s *DԔ - RB cP s *DԔ RB dP s *D cc RB eP s *D 6 LB fP c $D--LB gP c $D--RB hP s *DԔ-~ RB iP s *DԔ~ ~ RB jP s *Dp~ c RB kP s *DԔz- zRB lP s *DԔz RB mP s *DS 66 H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +=0 <<`ooT;(  TRB T s *D>-- T0 HA  ?  LB T c $DLB T c $D  LB T c $Dm m LB T c $D LB T c $DCCLB  T c $DLB  T c $DLB  T c $DZLB  T c $D-LB  T c $D-LB T c $D-LB T c $D]-]LB T c $D-LB T c $D-LB T c $D-LB T c $D - RB T s *D> - LB T c $DV -V LB T c $D - LB T c $D- T B$P d  DLoad Factor,n  T <To =V  0 T <42 =  1 T <|J 2 T <(\=C 3 T <= 4 T <( = 5 T <#= 6  T <`' J>  -1 !T <*E =1, -2 "T <p.U=1< -3 #T <1e=1L -4 $T <5   Kt %T <9 =Q  20 &T <<  40 'T <@  '  60 (T <C P d  80 )T <(G   100 *T <J ]  120 +T <8N c  140 ,T <Q 2  160  -T # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .T <S ; : Stall Line XB /T 0DԔ #  0T # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -`  1T 0|Yz6a > 2  2T Bd]mqT " X 3T 0 96    4T3 #"F:  w %%  5T <h?   _129*(#  @` 6T <r?   `11.5*(#  @` 7T <@}?T  ^91*(#  @` 8T <Ԇ?T  `5.76*(#  @` 9T <(?T ^74*(#  @` :T <T?T _3.8*(#  @` ;T <褊? ^54*(#  @` T <Š?M `1.41*(#  @` ?T <4͊?M ^41*(#  @` @T <֊?M `1.15*(#  @` AT <L? ^39*(#  @` BT <P? a1.035*(#  @` CT <?F ^38*(#  @` DT <D?F _1.0*(#  @` ET <$ ?F ^27*(#  @` FT <d?F _0.5*(#  @` GT <|? ^19*(#  @` HT <'? `0.25*(#  @` IT <|1?? ^12*(#  @` JT <;?? _0.1*(#  @` KT <E?? ]0*(#  @` LT <`O?? ]0*(#  @` MT <Z? jStall speed (Kt)( #  @` NT < f?  Load FactorT  # # #  @`ZB OT s *1 ?ZB PT s *1 ?  ZB QT s *1 ? ZB RT s *1 ? ZB ST s *1 ?ZB TT s *1 ? ZB UT s *1 ???ZB VT s *1 ?ZB WT s *1 ?ZB XT s *1 ?FFZB YT s *1 ?ZB ZT s *1 ?ZB [T s *1 ?MMZB \T s *1 ?ZB ]T s *1 ?ZB ^T s *1 ?TTZB _T s *1 ?  RB `T s *DԔ- RB aT s *DԔC  RB bT s *DԔ - RB cT s *DԔ RB dT s *D cc RB eT s *D 6 LB fT c $D--LB gT c $D--RB hT s *DԔ-~ RB iT s *DԔ~ ~ RB jT s *Dp~ c RB kT s *DԔz- zRB lT s *DԔz RB mT s *DS 66  nT 0xq'WK AVs=1g stall speed 2XB oT 0DԔW H T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +'=0 ><6<poqX;(  XRB X s *D>-- X0 HA  ?  LB X c $DLB X c $D  LB X c $Dm m LB X c $D LB X c $DCCLB  X c $DLB  X c $DLB  X c $DZLB  X c $D-LB  X c $D-LB X c $D-LB X c $D]-]LB X c $D-LB X c $D-LB X c $D-LB X c $D - RB X s *D> - LB X c $DV -V LB X c $D - LB X c $D- X BP d  DLoad Factor,n  X <̆o =V  0 X <|2 =  1 X <J 2 X <\=C 3 X <= 4 X <= 5 X <$= 6  X < J>  -1 !X <4E =1, -2 "X <U=1< -3 #X <De=1L -4 $X <̭   Kt %X <T =Q  20 &X <ܴ  40 'X <d  '  60 (X <컋 P d  80 )X <t   100 *X <‹ ]  120 +X <Ƌ c  140 ,X < ʋ 2  160  -X # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .X <8̋ ; : Stall Line XB /X 0DԔ #  0X # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -`  1X 0ыz6a > 2  2X BՋmqT " X 3X 0 96    4X3 #"F:  w %%  5X <?   _129*(#  @` 6X <8?   `11.5*(#  @` 7X <?T  ^91*(#  @` 8X <(?T  `5.76*(#  @` 9X <?T ^74*(#  @` :X <?T _3.8*(#  @` ;X <? ^54*(#  @` X <;?M `1.41*(#  @` ?X <F?M ^41*(#  @` @X <,P?M `1.15*(#  @` AX <Y? ^39*(#  @` BX <S? a1.035*(#  @` CX <m?F ^38*(#  @` DX <w?F _1.0*(#  @` EX <?F ^27*(#  @` FX <?F _0.5*(#  @` GX <? ^19*(#  @` HX <? `0.25*(#  @` IX <?? ^12*(#  @` JX <$?? _0.1*(#  @` KX <?? ]0*(#  @` LX <Ǎ?? ]0*(#  @` MX <э? jStall speed (Kt)( #  @` NX <ݍ?  Load FactorT  # # #  @`ZB OX s *1 ?ZB PX s *1 ?  ZB QX s *1 ? ZB RX s *1 ? ZB SX s *1 ?ZB TX s *1 ? ZB UX s *1 ???ZB VX s *1 ?ZB WX s *1 ?ZB XX s *1 ?FFZB YX s *1 ?ZB ZX s *1 ?ZB [X s *1 ?MMZB \X s *1 ?ZB ]X s *1 ?ZB ^X s *1 ?TTZB _X s *1 ?  RB `X s *DԔ- RB aX s *DԔC  RB bX s *DԔ - RB cX s *DԔ RB dX s *D cc RB eX s *D 6 LB fX c $D--LB gX c $D--RB hX s *DԔ-~ RB iX s *DԔ~ ~ RB jX s *Dp~ c RB kX s *DԔz- zRB lX s *DԔz RB mX s *DS 66  pX 0F ' c3Typical cambered aerofoil, works poorly upside down4 24XB qX 0DԔ9  H X 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 .0\o(  \ \0 HA  ?  RB \ s *D>--LB \ c $DLB \ c $D  LB \ c $Dm m LB \ c $D LB \ c $DCCLB  \ c $DLB  \ c $DLB  \ c $DZLB  \ c $D-LB  \ c $D-LB \ c $D-LB \ c $D]-]LB \ c $D-LB \ c $D-LB \ c $D-LB \ c $D - RB \ s *D> - LB \ c $DV -V LB \ c $D - LB \ c $D- \ BP d  DLoad Factor,n  \ <o =V  0 \ < 2 =  1 \ < J 2 \ <H\=C 3 \ <= 4 \ <`= 5 \ <\= 6  \ <z J>  -1 !\ <"E =1, -2 "\ <&U=1< -3 #\ <\*e=1L -4 $\ <-   Kt %\ <0 =Q  20 &\ <3  40 '\ <h7  '  60 (\ <: P d  80 )\ <x>   100 *\ <B ]  120 +\ <E c  140 ,\ <I 2  160  -\ # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  0\ # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` H \ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 66`(  ` `0 HA ?x  RB ` s *D>--LB ` c $DLB ` c $D  LB ` c $Dm m LB ` c $D LB ` c $DCCLB  ` c $DLB  ` c $DLB  ` c $DZLB  ` c $D-LB  ` c $D-LB ` c $D-LB ` c $D]-]LB ` c $D-LB ` c $D-LB ` c $D-LB ` c $D - RB ` s *D> - LB ` c $DV -V LB ` c $D - LB ` c $D- ` BUP d  DLoad Factor,n  ` <Zo =V  0 ` <\^2 =  1 ` <aJ 2 ` <De\=C 3 ` <h= 4 ` <Tl= 5 ` <o= 6  ` <ds J>  -1 !` <vE =1, -2 "` <tzU=1< -3 #` <}e=1L -4 $` <   Kt %` <  =Q  20 &` <  40 '` <  '  60 (` < P d  80 )` <,   100 *` < ]  120 +` << c  140 ,` <ĝ 2  160  -` # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .` # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /` s *DԔ -I  0` 0s ^  @Normal gravity(2XB 1` 0DԔ *) LB 2` c $DttXB 3` 0DfottY 4` <` >VD   5` 0 ADesign dive speed 6` 0 w > 2 H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 69d(  d d0 HA ?x  RB d s *D>--LB d c $DLB d c $D  LB d c $Dm m LB d c $D LB d c $DCCLB  d c $DLB  d c $DLB  d c $DZLB  d c $D-LB  d c $D-LB d c $D-LB d c $D]-]LB d c $D-LB d c $D-LB d c $D-LB d c $D - RB d s *D> - LB d c $DV -V LB d c $D - LB d c $D- d BP d  DLoad Factor,n  d <To =V  0 d <Ŏ2 =  1 d <ȎJ 2 d <|Ď\=C 3 d <ώ= 4 d <8ӎ= 5 d <֎= 6  d <Hڎ J>  -1 !d <ݎE =1, -2 "d <XU=1< -3 #d <e=1L -4 $d <h   Kt %d < =Q  20 &d <x  40 'd <  '  60 (d < P d  80 )d <   100 *d < ]  120 +d < c  140 ,d < 2  160  -d # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .d # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /d s *DԔ -I LB 2d c $DttXB 3d 0DfottY 4d <  >VD   5d 0 ADesign dive speed 6d 0w > 2  8d 6Z  > S 7d 0Zc Several calculations to derive VD. Gliders built under JAR-22 are either utility or aerobatic category. VNE and not VD appears on the placardH  J  H d 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 :;h(  h h0 HA ?x  RB h s *D>--LB h c $DLB h c $D  LB h c $Dm m LB h c $D LB h c $DCCLB  h c $DLB  h c $DLB  h c $DZLB  h c $D-LB  h c $D-LB h c $D-LB h c $D]-]LB h c $D-LB h c $D-LB h c $D-LB h c $D - RB h s *D> - LB h c $DV -V LB h c $D - LB h c $D- h BP,P d  DLoad Factor,n  h <1o =V  0 h <42 =  1 h <0J 2 h <;\=C 3 h <h?= 4 h <B= 5 h <xF= 6  h <J J>  -1 !h <ME =1, -2 "h <QU=1< -3 #h <Te=1L -4 $h < X   Kt %h <[ =Q  20 &h <0_  40 'h <b  '  60 (h <@f P d  80 )h <i   100 *h <Pm ]  120 +h <p c  140 ,h <`t 2  160  -h # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .h # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /h s *DԔ -I LB 0h c $DttXB 1h 0DfottY 2h <hw >VD   3h 0T}~  EVelocity never exceed 4h 0w > 2 v 6h 0Zc . XB 7h 0Dfocc 8h <, ?VNE  XB 9h 0DԔczX :h 0p ;h <@ bVNE is usually 90% of VD.  H h 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +f0 }u<--LB l c $DLB l c $D  LB l c $Dm m LB l c $D LB l c $DCCLB  l c $DLB  l c $DLB  l c $DZLB  l c $D-LB  l c $D-LB l c $D-LB l c $D]-]LB l c $D-LB l c $D-LB l c $D-LB l c $D - RB l s *D> - LB l c $DV -V LB l c $D - LB l c $D- l BĞP d  DLoad Factor,n  l <࣏o =V  0 l <h2 =  1 l <J 2 l <\=C 3 l <= 4 l <D= 5 l <̹= 6  l <T J>  -1 !l <E =1, -2 "l <dďU=1< -3 #l <Ǐe=1L -4 $l <tˏ   Kt %l <Ώ =Q  20 &l <ҏ  40 'l < ֏  '  60 (l <ُ P d  80 )l <ݏ   100 *l < ]  120 +l <, c  140 ,l < 2  160  -l # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .l # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /l s *DԔ -I LB 0l c $DttXB 1l 0DfottY 2l < >VD   3l 0~  IDemonstrated design speed 4l 0Xw > 2 v 5l 0hZc . XB 6l 0Dfocc 7l < ?VNE  XB 8l 0DԔZSX 9l 0p :l 0/w iVDF is approximately 95% of VD During test flying, the glider is flown to the Demonstrated design Speed6j  JXB ;l 0Dfo --LB p c $DLB p c $D  LB p c $Dm m LB p c $D LB p c $DCCLB  p c $DLB  p c $DLB  p c $DZLB  p c $D-LB  p c $D-LB p c $D-LB p c $D]-]LB p c $D-LB p c $D-LB p c $D-LB p c $D - RB p s *D> - LB p c $DV -V LB p c $D - LB p c $D- p BP d  DLoad Factor,n  p <o =V  0 p <h2 =  1 p <!J 2 p <P%\=C 3 p <(= 4 p <`,= 5 p </= 6  p <p3 J>  -1 !p <6E =1, -2 "p <:U=1< -3 #p <>e=1L -4 $p <A   Kt %p <E =Q  20 &p <H  40 'p <(L  '  60 (p <O P d  80 )p <8S   100 *p <V ]  120 +p <HZ c  140 ,p <] 2  160  -p # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .p # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /p s *DԔ -I LB 0p c $DttXB 1p 0DfottY 2p <` >VD   4p 0fw > 2 v 5p 0jZc . XB 6p 0Dfocc 7p <l ?VNE  XB ;p 0Dfo n1  RB Cp s *DfԔ tRB Dp@ s *DfԔ tI Ep <V =  >n3   Fp <  >n4   Gp HA ? ] H p 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +60 55dt:5(  t t0 HA ?x  RB t s *D>--LB t c $DLB t c $D  LB t c $Dm m LB t c $D LB t c $DCCLB  t c $DLB  t c $DLB  t c $DZLB  t c $D-LB  t c $D-LB t c $D-LB t c $D]-]LB t c $D-LB t c $D-LB t c $D-LB t c $D - RB t s *D> - LB t c $DV -V LB t c $D - LB t c $D- t BP d  DLoad Factor,n  t <o =V  0 t <,2 =  1 t <ܧJ 2 t <d\=C 3 t <쮑= 4 t <t= 5 t <= 6  t < J>  -1 !t < E =1, -2 "t <U=1< -3 #t <đe=1L -4 $t <Ǒ   Kt %t <,ˑ =Q  20 &t <Α  40 't <ґ  '  60 (t <Ց P d  80 )t <$ّ   100 *t <ܑ ]  120 +t <4 c  140 ,t < 2  160  -t # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  .t # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"  -` RB /t s *DԔ -I LB 0t c $DttXB 1t 0DfottY 2t < >VD   3t 0w > 2 v 4t 0pZc . XB 5t 0Dfocc 6t < ?VNE  XB 7t 0Dfo 8t <LfWM ?VDF   9t 6 ' >  ;t 0 F @n2" 2  n1  RB =t s *DfԔ tRB >t@ s *DfԔ tI ?t < V =  >n3   @t <  >n4   At HA ? ] t '  t #"& '  `t <?  ^-5.0( #  @` _t <P(?7 _-2.65( #  @` ^t <?'7 ^n4* #   @` ]t <;?@  ^-5.0( #  @` \t <E?7@ ^-1.5( #  @` [t <,?'@7 ^n3* #   @` Zt <X? @ ^+7.0( #  @` Yt <b?7 @ ^+4.0( #  @` Xt <l?' 7@ ^n2* #   @` Wt <v?   ^+7.0( #  @` Vt <<?7   ^+5.3( #  @` Ut <?' 7  ^n1* #   @` Tt <?   f A category* ( #  @` St <?7   f U Category* ( #  @` Rt <?' 7  T  @`ZB at s *1 ?'  ZB bt s *1 ?' ZB ct s *1 ?' 'ZB dt s *1 ?  ZB gt s *1 ?'  ZB it s *1 ?7 7ZB lt s *1 ? ZB pt s *1 ?'  ZB }t s *1 ?'@ @ZB t s *1 ?'  t B t  "  t << T  BEnvelope corners^2 t 6Ԕ# @^2 t 6Ԕ6^2 t 6Ԕ c^2 t 6Ԕ m Y t 0Գ<# < Limit load 2  t 0< < Limit load 2 XB t@ 0DԔXB t 0DԔ H t 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +*90 A898lq|7(  | |0 HA ?x  RB | s *D>qiLB | c $DiLB |@ c $D] u <LB |@ c $D <LB |@ c $D3 J iLB | c $DiLB  |@ c $D  iLB  |@ c $DtiLB  |@ c $DiLB  | c $DLB  | c $D77LB | c $DLB | c $DLB | c $DLB | c $DLB | c $D>>LB | c $DRB | s *D>  LB | c $D  LB | c $D  LB | c $D   | B̒P d  DLoad Factor,n  | <ϒ \  0 | <Ӓ[\B  1 | <גi 2 | <ے\l 3 | <DߒH\/ 4 | < \ 5 | <\ 6  | <P   -1 !| <n U  -2 "| <`~ e -3 #| <wk -4 $| <p1   Kt %| <   20 &| <    40 '| < n  60 (| <  80 )| < M  100 *| <$ T  120 +| < "  140 ,| < )  160  -| # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" q  .| # B3C#DE(FfԔ BE\w3# @   S"   7RB /| s *DԔLB 0| c $DXB 1| 0Dfo8 3| 0dw > 2 v 4| 0<H . XB 5| 0Dfo8'XB 7| 0DfoGG  9| 6! ' >  :| 0$;/" @n2" 2  ;| <d)v ] >n1  RB <| s *DfԔ RB =|@ s *DfԔ4 3 r  >| <# f  >n3   ?| <3  >n4   @| HA ? ] #z '  A|# #"& '  B| <x5?  ^-5.0( #  @` C| <J?7 _-2.65( #  @` D| <T?'7 ^n4* #   @` E| <^?@  ^-5.0( #  @` F| <0h?7@ ^-1.5( #  @` G| <r?'@7 ^n3* #   @` H| <|? @ ^+7.0( #  @` I| <?7 @ ^+4.0( #  @` J| <l?' 7@ ^n2* #   @` K| < ?   ^+7.0( #  @` L| <$?7   ^+5.3( #  @` M| <?' 7  ^n1* #   @` N| <?   f A category* ( #  @` O| <$”?7   f U Category* ( #  @` P| <ʔ?' 7  T  @`ZB Q| s *1 ?'  ZB R| s *1 ?' ZB S| s *1 ?' 'ZB T| s *1 ?  ZB U| s *1 ?'  ZB V| s *1 ?7 7ZB W| s *1 ? ZB X| s *1 ?'  ZB Y| s *1 ?'@ @ZB Z| s *1 ?'  [| BlД t  "  \| <Ҕ T  BEnvelope corners^2 ]| 6Ԕ~ i^2 ^| 6Ԕ ^2 _| 6Ԕ 9E ^2 `| 6Ԕ4 C a| 0$ؔS < Limit load 2  b| 0Hݔ" < Limit load 2 XB c|@ 0DԔ XB d| 0DԔ &  f| <wS^ 7LB h| c $Dii i| <wk -5XB j| 0DfԔ, iLB k| c $DiCiXB l| 0DfԔviXB m| 0DfԔiiXB n| 0DfԔ,XB o| 0DfԔ p| <X w  : A Category XB q| 0DԔm H | 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 9rxA(  xRB x s *D><--LB x c $D<LB x@ c $D<  LB x c $D<m m LB x c $D< LB x c $D<CCLB  x c $D<ILB  x c $D<ILB  x c $D<LB  x c $D-LB x c $D#-#LB x c $D-LB x c $D-LB x c $D - LB x c $DF -F LB x c $D - RB x s *D>- x BP d  DLoad Factor,n  x < = 0 x <c =J  1 x < J  2 x <  =t  3 x <P=7  4 x <= 5 x <= 6 $x <9   Kt %x <=Q  20 &x <   40 'x <% '  60 (x <(P d  80 )x <,  100 *x <.] 120 +x <T3c 140 ,x <P72 160  -x # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -LB 0x c $DttXB 1x 0Dfojtt 3x 0:w > 2 v 4x 0X>PZc .  9x 6B   > RB   kx Bj!U]D = Ultimate loadXB mx 0 nx  W>d?f P 6Failure!Impact6 ox  W>d?f P 6DamageImpact" px  ([  KThe factor of safety required by JAR-22 is the limit load multiplied by1.5.2L  7 RB qx s *D2J3 RB rx s *DJ H x 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +0 ?n(   0 HA ? :u  RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $D LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  BmP d  DLoad Factor,n   <ro =V  0  <u2 =  1  <qJ 2  <|\=C 3  <L= 4  <ԃ= 5  <\= 6  <䊕 J>  -1 ! <lE =1, -2 " <U=1< -3 # <|e=1L -4 $ <   Kt % < =Q  20 & <  40 ' <  '  60 ( <$ P d  80 ) <   100 * <4 ]  120 + < c  140 , <D 2  160  - # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  . # BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB 0 c $DttRB 1 s *Dfott  3 0w > 2 v 4 0hZc . RB 5 s *Dfoccf  9 6 ' > RB < s *DfԔ tRB =@ s *DfԔ tI [ B<ƕ t  " XB e 0DfԔ  f 0 ɕ2  @VA" 2 LB g c $D--XB h@ 0DfԔ ^2 i 6ԔM 2 j 0<Ε  55.3 l  ӕs  UThe maximum manoeuvring speed VA, is where the 5.3g limit line crosses the stall line0V 5 XB n 0DԔ H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +#0 "" DLp"(   0 HA ? :u  RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $D LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B<P d  DLoad Factor,n   <Xo =V  0  <2 =  1  <J 2  <\=C 3  <= 4  <(= 5  <= 6  < J>  -1 ! <E =1, -2 " <U=1< -3 # <Te=1L -4 $ <p   Kt % <D =Q  20 & <  40 ' <|  '  60 ( <H  P d  80 ) <"   100 * <' ]  120 + <\+ c  140 , <0/ 2  160  - # BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -  . # BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB / c $DttRB 0 s *Dfott  1 03w > 2 v 2 0`7Zc . RB 3 s *Dfoccf  4 64: ' > RB 5 s *DfԔ tRB 6@ s *DfԔ tI 7 B? t  " LB : c $D--^B @ 6DfԔ ^B A 6DfԔv  C C ,W3yd?Flight not possibleImpactm @ D C ,W3yd?Flight not possibleImpact @ , E C W3yd?OKImpact }  F C W3yd?OKImpact ` c  G C W3yd?DamageImpactMp9Z H C W3yd?DamageImpact W) I C W3yd?FailureImpact J C W3yd?FailureImpact, 9 K C W3yd?FailureImpact`9m L 0,EZA ;SUMMARY(2H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +30 JB0(  x  c $Jp )   x  c $0K    <L] a  6Part 3H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-q1+D=' = @B +"0 !!@APe!(   0 HA ? :u  RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B d  hLoad Factor,n    <ao =V  0  <\e2 =  1  < iJ 2  <l\=C 3  <p= 4  <s= 5  <,w= 6  <z J>  -1 ! <<~E =1, -2 " <āU=1< -3 # <Le=1L -4 $ <x   2Kt % <Ԍ =Q  20 & <4  40 ' <0  '  60 ( < P d  80 ) <@   100 * <Ȟ ]  120 + < c  140 , <D 2  160, - C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   . C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB / c $DttRB 0 s *Dfott  1 0w > 2 v 2 0\Zc . XB 3 0Dfoccf RB 5 s *DfԔ tRB 6@ s *DfԔ tI 7 B  t  " LB 8 c $D-- E <q d4A very sudden gust Will not instantly Stall the wing55 F <T |j MCreation of the gust envelope G <,YdP \,Briefly the wing can Produce 25% more Lift.-- H < dX  \,Load factors can Increase by 25% As a result-- I  BCDE@F AfԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" R-  K  B#CDEFAfԔZxw#@  S"  -P  L <]4D ?VNE   M <˗ >VD   N <ϗ{_  BStall line revisedXB O 0DԔ m }LB P c $D H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +"0 !!PBG!(   0 HA  ? :u  RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B(ݗ d  hLoad Factor,n    <po =V  0  <D2 =  1  <J 2  <|\=C 3  <= 4  <= 5  <= 6  < J>  -1  <E =1, -2 ! <U=1< -3 " <e=1L -4 # <    2Kt $ <8  =Q  20 % <  40 & <  '  60 ' <L P d  80 ( <   100 ) <\" ]  120 * <% c  140 + <l) 2  160, , C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   - C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB . c $DttRB / s *Dfott  0 0-w > 2 v 1 01Zc . XB 2 0Dfoccf RB 3 s *DfԔ tRB 4@ s *DfԔ tI 5 B`6 t  " LB 6 c $D-- 8 <l9 |j MCreation of the gust envelope  ; # BCDE@F fԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" R-  < # B#CDEFfԔZxw#@  S"  -P  = <>]4D ?VNE   > <D >VD  LB A c $D  B <HJ9. lJAR-22.333 At VB sailplane must be capable Of withstanding positive up and negative down gusts of 15 m/si C <Oo   G3This is defined As a strong gust And is about 30ktsXB D 0Do- XB E 0Do -XB F 0DfԔ  G <R  >VB  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +$0 ##`DE~#(   0 HA !? :u ! RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B` d  hLoad Factor,n    <ho =V  0  <k2 =  1  <oJ 2  <s\=C 3  <v= 4  <,z= 5  <}= 6  << J>  -1  <ĄE =1, -2 ! <LU=1< -3 " <ԋe=1L -4 # <   2Kt $ < =Q  20 % <  40 & <  '  60 ' <@ P d  80 ( <ȡ   100 ) <P ]  120 * <ب c  140 + <` 2  160, , C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   - C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB . c $DttRB / s *Dfott  0 0Ȱw > 2 v 1 0Zc . XB 2 0Dfoccf RB 3 s *DfԔ tRB 4@ s *DfԔ tI 5 BT t  " LB 6 c $D-- 7 <` |j MCreation of the gust envelope  8 # BCDE@F fԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" R-  9 # B#CDEFfԔZxw#@  S"  -P  : <]4D ?VNE   ; <Ǚ >VD  LB < c $D  = <0̙9. dRough air is all air in lee-wave rotors, thunderclouds visible whirlwinds or over mountain crests e \XB ? 0Do- XB @ 0Do - XB A 0DfԔ  B <љ  >VB   C B,֙9 ~  }Strong gust +15 m/s, D B\4ٙ $ }Strong gust +15 m/s, E <c e  WCVA cannot be more Than VB In practice they are often very close.H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +$0 ##pEGO#(   0 HA "? :u " RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B d  hLoad Factor,n    <o =V  0  <2 =  1  <XJ 2  <\=C 3  <= 4  <= 5  <= 6  <p J>  -1  <DE =1, -2 ! <U=1< -3 " <|e=1L -4 # <H    2Kt $ <# =Q  20 % <(  40 & <+  '  60 ' <L/ P d  80 ( <2   100 ) <\6 ]  120 * <9 c  140 + <l= 2  160, , C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   - C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB . c $DttRB / s *Dfott  0 0Aw > 2 v 1 0EZc . XB 2 0Dfoccf RB 3 s *DfԔ tRB 4@ s *DfԔ tI 5 B`J t  " LB 6 c $D-- 7 <lM |j MCreation of the gust envelope  8 # BCDE@F fԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" -  9 # B#CDEFfԔZxw#@  S"  -  : <R]4D ?VNE   ; <X >VD  LB < c $D XB > 0Do- XB ? 0Do - XB @ 0DfԔ  A <8]  >VB   B B,b9 ~  }Strong gust +15 m/s, C B\d $ }Strong gust +15 m/s,RB E s *DfԔ RB F s *DfԔ  G <p,u1 8Strong gusts are not an issue up to VB (Max Rough Air)09& H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +&0 %%JKJ%(   0 HA #? :u # RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B d  hLoad Factor,n    <܆o =V  0  <2 =  1  <`J 2  <葚\=C 3  <p= 4  <= 5  <= 6  < J>  -1  <E =1, -2 ! <U=1< -3 " <e=1L -4 # <̬   2Kt $ <( =Q  20 % <  40 & <  '  60 ' <  P d  80 ( <   100 ) <Ě ]  120 * <ǚ c  140 + <,˚ 2  160, , C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   - C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB . c $DttRB / s *Dfott  0 0Ϛw > 2 v 1 0PӚZc . XB 2 0Dfoccf RB 3 s *DfԔ tRB 4@ s *DfԔ tI 5 B ؚ t  " LB 6 c $D-- 7 <,ۚ |j MCreation of the gust envelope  8 # BCDE@F fԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" -  9 # B#CDEFfԔZxw#@  S"  -  : <X]4D ?VNE   ; < >VD  LB < c $D XB = 0Do- XB > 0Do -XB ? 0DfԔ  @ <  >VB   A B PSe fWeak gust +7.5 m/sRB C s *DfԔ RB D s *DfԔ  E <,u1 8Strong gusts are not an issue up to VB (Max Rough Air)09&  F B D9 S fWeak gust +7.5 m/sRB G s *DfԔ tRB H s *DfԔ tt RB I s *D-) RB J s *D - K < GA  MWeak gusts are +7.5 m/sH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.-P +D=' = @B +*0 ))SVT)(   0 HA $? :u $ RB  s *D>--LB  c $DLB  c $D  LB  c $Dm m LB  c $DCCLB  c $DLB  c $DLB  c $DZLB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D]-]LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D-LB  c $D - RB  s *D> - LB  c $DV -V LB  c $D - LB  c $D-  B  d  hLoad Factor,n    <To =V  0  <2 =  1  <J 2  <!\=C 3  <%= 4  <)= 5  <,= 6  < 0 J>  -1  <3E =1, -2 ! <07U=1< -3 " <:e=1L -4 # <<   2Kt $ <@B =Q  20 % <E  40 & <I  '  60 ' <$M P d  80 ( <P   100 ) <4T ]  120 * <W c  140 + <D[ 2  160, , C BCd DE@F fԔd h. n+nHZmY.d @     S" -   - C BCDE(FfԔ 3S0Jv? @   S"  - vLB . c $DttRB / s *Dfott v 1 0_Zc . XB 2 0Dfoccf RB 3 s *DfԔ tRB 4@ s *DfԔ tI 5 BXd t  " LB 6 c $D-- 7 <dg |j MCreation of the gust envelope  8 # BCDE@F fԔfRoemD 7x%SuV @     S" -  9 # B#CDEFfԔZxw#@  S"  -  : <l]4D ?VNE   ; < r >VD  LB < c $D XB = 0Do- XB > 0Do -XB ? 0DfԔ  @ <0w  >VB   A B |Se fWeak gust +7.5 m/sRB B s *DfԔ RB C s *DfԔ  E B 9 S fWeak gust +7.5 m/sRB F s *DfԔ tRB G s *DfԔ tt RB H s *D-) RB I s *D - K <ȇF 7EXAMPLE L 0p, <(Sailplane at 110kts meets a weak gust. Xb M 0}S RB N@ s *D& O <\V "Effect of gustXb P 0 S  Q <|n  ,Effect of Normal flightRB R@ s *D% S6   S <6 qe+ kIf the glider pulls 3g in a loop, at the same moment. The aircraft will be Outside the placarded Limits. 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